Billion-dollar events to affect the U.S. from 1980 to 2019 (Unadjusted)

Disaster Type	Number of Events	Percent Frequency	Unadjusted Losses (Billions of Dollars)	Percent of Total Losses	Average Event Cost (Billions of Dollars)	Deaths
Drought	26	11.5%	$160.3CI Drought Confidence Intervals Lower 75 $146.3 Upper 75 $182.6 Lower 90 $140.7 Upper 90 $190.0 Lower 95 $137.2 Upper 95 $194.6	12.1%	$6.2	2,993†
Flooding	29	12.8%	$104.0§CI Flooding Confidence Intervals Lower 75 $82.8 Upper 75 $115.8 Lower 90 $77.9 Upper 90 $121.5 Lower 95 $74.4 Upper 95 $127.8	7.8%§	$3.6§	514
Freeze	8	3.5%	$15.5CI Freeze Confidence Intervals Lower 75 $12.5 Upper 75 $18.4 Lower 90 $12.1 Upper 90 $19.1 Lower 95 $11.5 Upper 95 $19.4	1.2%	$1.9	162
Severe Storm	95	42.0%	$189.5CI Severe Storm Confidence Intervals Lower 75 $173.6 Upper 75 $202.2 Lower 90 $168.3 Upper 90 $209.1 Lower 95 $163.5 Upper 95 $216.3	14.3%	$2.0	1,407
Tropical Cyclone	40	17.7%	$758.3CI Tropical Cyclone Confidence Intervals Lower 75 $633.0 Upper 75 $848.8 Lower 90 $590.0 Upper 90 $907.9 Lower 95 $563.4 Upper 95 $939.6	57.1%	$19.0	6,470
Wildfire	16	7.1%	$72.8CI Wildfire Confidence Intervals Lower 75 $60.7 Upper 75 $82.4 Lower 90 $58.3 Upper 90 $86.2 Lower 95 $55.4 Upper 95 $89.8	5.5%	$4.6	347
Winter Storm	12	5.3%	$27.6CI Winter Storm Confidence Intervals Lower 75 $24.3 Upper 75 $29.5 Lower 90 $23.2 Upper 90 $30.8 Lower 95 $22.6 Upper 95 $31.8	2.1%	$2.3	709
All Disasters	226	100.0%	$1,328.0CI All Disasters Confidence Intervals Lower 75 $1,133.2 Upper 75 $1,479.7 Lower 90 $1,070.5 Upper 90 $1,564.6 Lower 95 $1,028.0 Upper 95 $1,619.3	100.0%	$5.9	12,602

^†Deaths associated with drought are the result of heat waves. (Not all droughts are accompanied by extreme heat waves.)

^§Flooding statistics do not include inland flood damage caused by tropical cyclone events.

The confidence interval (CI) probabilities (75%, 90% and 95%) represent the uncertainty associated with the disaster cost estimates. Monte Carlo simulations were used to produce upper and lower bounds at these confidence levels (Smith and Matthews, 2015).