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Global Analysis - June 2007

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Global Analysis

Note: The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. Effective September 2012, the GHCN-M version 3.2.0 dataset of monthly mean temperature replaced the GHCN-M version 3.1.0 monthly mean temperature dataset. Beginning with the August 2012 Global monthly State of the Climate Report, released on September 17, 2012, GHCN-M version 3.2.0 is used for NCDC climate monitoring activities, including calculation of global land surface temperature anomalies and trends. For more information about this newest version, please see the GHCN-M version 3.2.0 Technical Report.

*The GHCN-M version 3.1.0 Technical Report was revised on September 5, 2012 to accurately reflect the changes incorporated in that version. Previously that report incorrectly included discussion of changes to the Pairwise Homogeneity Algorithm (PHA). Changes to the PHA are included in version 3.2.0 and described in the version 3.2.0 Technical Report. Please see the Frequently Asked Questions to learn more about this update.

Global Highlights:

Based on preliminary data, globally averaged combined land and sea surface temperature was the second warmest on record for January-June year-to-date period and fourth warmest for June.
Global land surface temperature was third warmest on record in June. Temperatures were above average in Europe, eastern Brazil, northwestern Africa, and most of Asia and the contiguous U.S. Cooler-than-average conditions occurred in Australia, western Russia, and the southcentral U.S.
Precipitation during June 2007 was above average in the United Kingdom, southern India, eastern Australia, southcentral U.S., and parts of eastern Asia. Drier than average conditions were observed in southeastern Asia and parts of South America and the eastern U.S.
ENSO conditions remained in a neutral phase during June.

The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

Introduction

Temperature anomalies for June 2007 are shown on the dot maps below. The dot map, below left, provides a spatial representation of anomalies calculated from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data set of land surface stations using a 1961-1990 base period. The dot map, below right, is a product of a merged land surface and sea surface temperature anomaly analysis developed by Smith and Reynolds (2005). Temperature anomalies with respect to the 1961-1990 mean for land and ocean are analyzed separately and then merged to form the global analysis. Additional information on this product is available.

Anomalously warm temperatures have covered much of the globe throughout the year. The January-June 2007 map of temperature anomalies shows the presence of warmer than average temperatures across all land areas, with the exception of Argentina. Warmer than average Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) occured in the equatorial Pacific, Atlantic and the Indian oceans. Cooler than average conditions were observed in the northeastern Pacific and some areas in the southern oceans.

During June, there were above average temperatures across Europe, eastern Brazil, northwestern Africa, and most of Asia and the contiguous U.S. Cooler-than-average conditions occurred in in Australia, Argentina, western Russia, and the southcentral U.S. Warmer than average SSTs occurred in the Atlantic Ocean, North Indian Ocean, and the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region were representative of a neutral ENSO phase. Please see the latest ENSO discussion for additional information.

Current month's Land SurfaceTemperature Dot map

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Current month's blended Land and sea surface Temperature Dot map

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The mean position of upper level ridges of high pressure and troughs of low pressure (depicted by positive and negative 500-millibar height anomalies on the June map) are generally reflected by areas of positive and negative temperature anomalies at the surface, respectively. For other Global products see the Climate Monitoring Global Products page.

Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks during 2007 at the weekly SST page.

Temperature Rankings and Graphics

Effective with the February 2006 report, NCDC transitioned from the use of the Operational Global Surface Temperature Index (Quayle et al. 1999) to the blended land and ocean dataset developed by Smith and Reynolds (2005). The differences between the two methods are discussed in Smith et al. (2005).

June 2007 ranked as the fourth warmest June since records began in 1880 for combined global land and ocean surface temperatures. The June land surface temperature ranked third warmest on record, while the ocean surface temperature ranked eighth warmest in the 127-year record. For the January-June year-to-date period, the global surface temperature ranked second warmest, while the land ranked warmest on record.

Current Month / Year-to-date

June	Anomaly	Rank	Ties	Warmest (or Next Warmest) Year on Record
Global Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.84°C (+1.51°F) +0.44°C (+0.79°F) +0.55°C (+0.99°F)	3rd warmest 8th warmest 4th warmest		2005 (+0.98°C/1.76°F) 2005 (+0.53°C/0.95°F) 2005 (+0.65°C/1.17°F)
Northern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.93°C (+1.67°F) +0.47°C (+0.85°F) +0.64°C (+1.15°F)	2nd warmest 7th warmest 3rd warmest	2005 2002,1998	2006 (+1.08°C/1.94°F) 2005 (+0.62°C/1.12°F) 2005 (+0.74°C/1.33°F)
Southern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.59°C (+1.06°F) +0.43°C (+0.77°F) +0.45°C (+0.81°F)	12th warmest 8th warmest 8th warmest		2005 (+1.10°C/1.98°F) 1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F) 2005 (+0.55°C/0.99°F)

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January-June	Anomaly	Rank	Ties	Warmest (or Next Warmest) Year on Record
Global Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+1.18°C (+2.12°F) +0.43°C (+0.77°F) +0.63°C (+1.13°F)	warmest 6th warmest 2nd warmest	2002	2002 (+1.08°C/1.94°F) 1998 (+0.53°C/0.95°F) 1998 (+0.64°C/1.15°F)
Northern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+1.38°C (+2.48°F) +0.45°C (+0.81°F) +0.80°C (+1.44°F)	warmest 4th warmest warmest		2002 (+1.26°C/2.27°F) 2005 (+0.51°C/0.92°F) 2002 (+0.74°C/1.33°F)
Southern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.61°C (+1.10°F) +0.42°C (+0.76°F) +0.45°C (+0.81°F)	4th warmest 8th warmest 5th warmest		2005 (+0.92°C/1.66°F) 1998 (+0.56°C/1.01°F) 1998 (+0.60°C/1.08°F)

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The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

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Precipitation

The maps below represent anomaly values based on the GHCN data set of land surface stations using a base period of 1961-1990. During June 2007, above average precipitation fell over areas that include the United Kingdom, southern India, eastern Australia, southcentral U.S., and parts of eastern Asia. Drier than average conditions were observed in southeastern Asia and parts of South America and the eastern U.S. Additional details on flooding and drought can also be found on the June Global Hazards page.

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ENSO SST Analysis

Last week of the month's ENSO condtions Map

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Sea Surface Temperature anomalies were near average across the central equatorial Pacific during June while below and above average anomalies were observed across the eastern and western equatorial Pacific, respectively. These conditions are indicative of a neutral ENSO phase (shown in the adjacent animation of weekly sea surface temperature anomalies). A comprehensive summary of June 2007 ENSO conditions can be found on the ENSO monitoring page. For the latest advisory on ENSO conditions go to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the CPC ENSO Diagnostic Discussion.
Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks since 2003 at the weekly SST page.

References

Christy, John R., R.W. Spencer, and W.D. Braswell, 2000: MSU Tropospheric Temperatures: Dataset Construction and Radiosonde Comparisons. J. of Atmos. and Oceanic Technology 17 1153-1170.

Free M., D.J. Seidel, J.K. Angell, J. Lanzante, I. Durre and T.C. Peterson (2005) Radiosonde Atmospheric Temperature Products for Assessing Climate (RATPAC): A new dataset of large-area anomaly time series, J. Geophys. Res., 10.1029/2005JD006169.

Free, M., J.K. Angell, I. Durre, J. Lanzante, T.C. Peterson and D.J. Seidel(2004), Using first differences to reduce inhomogeneity in radiosonde temperature datasets, J. Climate, 21, 4171-4179.

Fu, Q., C.M. Johanson, S.G. Warren, and D.J. Seidel, 2004: Contribution of stratospheric cooling to satellite-inferred tropospheric temperature trends. Nature, 429, 55-58.

Lanzante, J.R., S.A. Klein, and D.J. Seidel (2003a), Temporal homogenization of monthly radiosonde temperature data. Part I: Methodology, J. Climate, 16, 224 240.

Lanzante, J.R., S.A. Klein, and D.J. Seidel (2003b), Temporal homogenization of monthly radiosonde temperature data. Part II: Trends, sensitivities, and MSU comparison, J. Climate, 16, 241 262.

Mears, Carl A., M.C. Schabel, F.J. Wentz, 2003: A Reanalysis of the MSU Channel 2 Tropospheric Temperature Record. J. Clim 16, 3650-3664.

Peterson, T.C. and R.S. Vose, 1997: An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Database. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2837-2849.

Quayle, R. G., T. C. Peterson, A. N. Basist, and C. S. Godfrey, 1999: An operational near-real-time global temperature index. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 333-335.

Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds (2005), A global merged land air and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880-1997), J. Clim., 18, 2021-2036.

Citing This Report

NOAA National Climatic Data Center, State of the Climate: Global Analysis for June 2007, published online July 2007, retrieved on May 24, 2013 from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2007/6.