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Global Analysis - September 2005

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Global Analysis

Note: The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. Effective September 2012, the GHCN-M version 3.2.0 dataset of monthly mean temperature replaced the GHCN-M version 3.1.0 monthly mean temperature dataset. Beginning with the August 2012 Global monthly State of the Climate Report, released on September 17, 2012, GHCN-M version 3.2.0 is used for NCDC climate monitoring activities, including calculation of global land surface temperature anomalies and trends. For more information about this newest version, please see the GHCN-M version 3.2.0 Technical Report.

*The GHCN-M version 3.1.0 Technical Report was revised on September 5, 2012 to accurately reflect the changes incorporated in that version. Previously that report incorrectly included discussion of changes to the Pairwise Homogeneity Algorithm (PHA). Changes to the PHA are included in version 3.2.0 and described in the version 3.2.0 Technical Report. Please see the Frequently Asked Questions to learn more about this update.

Global Highlights:

Based on preliminary data, global averaged combined land and sea surface temperature for September 2005 was warmest on record.
September temperatures were above average over Alaska, Asia, eastern Europe and the majority of the U.S. Colder-than-average conditions occurred in France, western Australia and the U.S. Pacific Northwest.
Precipitation during September was above average over India, Taiwan, Alaska and parts of Canada, with drier than average conditions over eastern Europe, Mexico and the U.S. East Coast.
Neutral ENSO conditions continued during September.

The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

Introduction

Temperature anomalies for September 2005 are shown on the two maps below. The dot map on the left provides a spatial representation of anomalies calculated from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data set of land surface stations using a 1961-1990 base period. The map on the right is a blended product of a merged land air and sea surface temperature anomaly analysis which is based on data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) of land temperatures and the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) of SST data. Temperature anomalies with respect to 1961-1990 are analyzed separately and then merged to form the global analysis. Additional information on this product is available.

During September 2005, there were above average temperatures over eastern Europe, Asia, Japan, the majority of North America and parts of Brazil. Cooler than average temperatures were observed over France, Spain, western Australia, central South America and along the U.S. West Coast.

Much warmer than average SSTs occurred over the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. Cooler than average conditions were observed off the U.S. Californian coast and the South Atlantic.

Current months Land SurfaceTemperature Dot map

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Current month's blended Land and sea surface Temperature Dot map

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The mean position of upper level ridges of high pressure and troughs of low pressure (depicted by positive and negative 500 millibar height anomalies on the September 2005 map) are generally reflected by areas of positive and negative temperature anomalies at the surface, respectively. For other Global products see the Climate Monitoring Global Products page.

Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks during 2005 at the weekly SST page

Temperature Rankings and Graphics

Current Month / Year-to-date

September	Anomaly	Rank	Warmest Year on Record
Global Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.98°C (+1.76°F) +0.48°C (+0.86°F) +0.63°C (+1.13°F)	warmest 3rd warmest warmest	2nd - 1998 (+0.74°C/1.33°F) 2003 (+0.52°C/0.94°F) 2nd - 2003 (+0.57°C/1.03°F)
Northern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+1.08°C (+1.94°F) +0.60°C (+1.08°F) +0.79°C (+1.42°F)	warmest 2nd warmest warmest	1998 (+0.80°C/1.44°F) 2003 (+0.65°C/1.17°F) 2nd - 2003 (+0.65°C/1.17°F)
Southern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.66°C (+1.19°F) +0.43°C (+0.77°F) +0.47°C (+0.85°F)	5th warmest 7th warmest 5th warmest	2003 (+0.77°C/1.39°F) 1997 (+0.55°C/1.00°F) 1997 (+0.58°C/1.04°F)

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January-September	Anomaly	Rank	Warmest Year on Record
Global Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.94°C (+1.70°F) +0.44°C (+0.79°F) +0.59°C (+1.06°F)	3rd warmest 2nd warmest 2nd warmest	1998 (+1.04°C/1.87°F) 1998 (+0.50°C/0.90°F) 1998 (+0.66°C/1.19°F)
Northern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.95°C (+1.71°F) +0.52°C (+0.94°F) +0.70°C (+1.26°F)	3rd warmest warmest 2nd warmest	2002 (+1.14°C/2.05°F) Tie - 1998 (+0.52°C/0.94°F) 1998 (+0.75°C/1.35°F)
Southern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.77°C (+1.39°F) +0.40°C (+0.72°F) +0.47°C (+0.85°F)	2nd warmest 4th warmest 3rd warmest	1998 (+0.82°C/1.48°F) 1998 (+0.50°C/0.90°F) 1998 (+0.56°C/1.01°F)

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The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

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Precipitation

The maps below represent anomaly values based on the GHCN data set of land surface stations using a base period of 1961-1990. During September 2005, above average precipitation fell over Alaska, India, Burma, Thailand, Taiwan, the U.S. northeast and lower Mississippi Valley, and southern Brazil. Below average precipitation was observed in Mexico, the Caribbean, Nepal, eastern Europe, parts of southeast Asia, Bolivia and other areas of South America, and the U.S. East Coast and Great Plains.

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ENSO SST Analysis

Last week of the month's ENSO condtions Map

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SSTs remained near average to slightly below average in the equatorial tropical Pacific during September, indicative of ENSO neutral conditions (shown in the adjacent animation of weekly sea surface temperature anomalies). A comprehensive summary of September 2005 ENSO conditions can be found on the ENSO monitoring page. For the latest advisory on ENSO conditions go to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the CPC ENSO Diagnostic Discussion
Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks during 2005 at the weekly SST page

References

Peterson, T.C. and R.S. Vose, 1997: An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Database. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2837-2849.

Citing This Report

NOAA National Climatic Data Center, State of the Climate: Global Analysis for September 2005, published online October 2005, retrieved on May 25, 2013 from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2005/9.