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Global Analysis - October 2005

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Note: The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. Effective September 2012, the GHCN-M version 3.2.0 dataset of monthly mean temperature replaced the GHCN-M version 3.1.0 monthly mean temperature dataset. Beginning with the August 2012 Global monthly State of the Climate Report, released on September 17, 2012, GHCN-M version 3.2.0 is used for NCDC climate monitoring activities, including calculation of global land surface temperature anomalies and trends. For more information about this newest version, please see the GHCN-M version 3.2.0 Technical Report.

*The GHCN-M version 3.1.0 Technical Report was revised on September 5, 2012 to accurately reflect the changes incorporated in that version. Previously that report incorrectly included discussion of changes to the Pairwise Homogeneity Algorithm (PHA). Changes to the PHA are included in version 3.2.0 and described in the version 3.2.0 Technical Report. Please see the Frequently Asked Questions to learn more about this update.

Global Highlights:

Based on preliminary data, globally averaged combined land and sea surface temperature for October 2005 was warmest on record.
October temperatures were above average in North America, Asia, Europe and the majority of the African continent. Colder-than-average conditions occurred in Bolivia, Argentina, Turkey, Greenland and western Australia.
Precipitation during October was above average in the northeastern U.S., the Caribbean, western Europe and southern India, with drier than average conditions in South Africa, the U.S. Mississippi Valley and the majority of eastern Europe.
Neutral ENSO conditions continued during October.

The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

Introduction

Temperature anomalies for October 2005 are shown on the two maps below. The dot map on the left provides a spatial representation of anomalies calculated from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data set of land surface stations using a 1961-1990 base period. The map on on the right is an experimental blended product of a merged land air and sea surface temperature anomaly analysis which is based on data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) of land temperatures and the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) of SST data. Temperature anomalies with respect to 1961-1990 are analyzed separately and then merged to form the global analysis. Additional information on this product is available.

During October 2005, there were above average temperatures over North America, Brazil, Europe, Asia, Japan, South Africa and Algeria. Cooler than average temperatures were observed over Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, western Australia, Turkey and Greenland.

Much warmer than average SSTs occurred in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. Cooler than average conditions were observed off the U.S. California coast and the Baja Peninsula in the northeast Pacific, off the coast of Peru in the southeast Pacific and also in several areas of the South Atlantic.

Current months Land SurfaceTemperature Dot map

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Current month's blended Land and sea surface Temperature Dot map

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The mean position of upper level ridges of high pressure and troughs of low pressure (depicted by positive and negative 500 millibar height anomalies on the October 2005 map) are generally reflected by areas of positive and negative temperature anomalies at the surface, respectively. For other Global products see the Climate Monitoring Global Products page.

Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks during 2005 at the weekly SST page

Temperature Rankings and Graphics

Current Month / Year-to-date

October	Anomaly	Rank	Warmest Year on Record
Global Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+1.20°C (+2.16°F) +0.45°C (+0.81°F) +0.68°C (+1.22°F)	warmest 4th warmest warmest	2nd - 2004 (+0.99°C/1.78°F) 2003 (+0.52°C/0.94°F) 2nd - 2003 (+0.65°C/1.17°F)
Northern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+1.23°C (+2.21°F) +0.52°C (+0.94°F) +0.80°C (+1.44°F)	warmest 4th warmest warmest	2nd - 2003 (+1.02°C/1.84°F) 2003 (+0.62°C/1.12°F) 2nd - 2003 (+0.78°C/1.40°F)
Southern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+1.03°C (+1.85°F) +0.41°C (+0.74°F) +0.52°C (+0.94°F)	4th warmest 7th warmest 3rd warmest	2002 (+1.10°C/1.98°F) 1997 (+0.52°C/0.94°F) 1997 (+0.57°C/1.03°F)

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January-October	Anomaly	Rank	Warmest Year on Record
Global Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.96°C (+1.73°F) +0.44°C (+0.79°F) +0.60°C (+1.08°F)	3rd warmest 2nd warmest 2nd warmest	1998 (+1.03°C/1.85°F) 1998 (+0.49°C/0.88°F) 1998 (+0.65°C/1.17°F)
Northern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.98°C (+1.76°F) +0.52°C (+0.94°F) +0.70°C (+1.26°F)	3rd warmest warmest 2nd warmest	1998 (+1.07°C/1.93°F) 2nd - 1998 (+0.50°C/0.90°F) 1998 (+0.73°C/1.31°F)
Southern Hemisphere Land Ocean Land and Ocean	+0.79°C (+1.42°F) +0.40°C (+0.72°F) +0.47°C (+0.85°F)	2nd warmest 4th warmest 3rd warmest	1998 (+0.85°C/1.53°F) 1998 (+0.49°C/0.88°F) 1998 (+0.56°C/1.01°F)

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The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

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Precipitation

The maps below represent anomaly values based on the GHCN data set of land surface stations using a base period of 1961-1990. During October 2005, above average precipitation fell over areas that include India, eastern Australia, Turkey, southern coastal Brazil, western Europe, the Caribbean, the U.S. northeast and southern Great Plains. Below average precipitation was observed in Alaska, the majority of eastern Europe, South Africa and parts of Scandinavia.

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ENSO SST Analysis

Last week of the month's ENSO condtions Map

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SSTs remained near average to slightly below average in the equatorial tropical Pacific during October, indicative of ENSO neutral conditions (shown in the adjacent animation of weekly sea surface temperature anomalies). A comprehensive summary of October 2005 ENSO conditions can be found on the ENSO monitoring page. For the latest advisory on ENSO conditions go to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the CPC ENSO Diagnostic Discussion
Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all weeks during 2005 at the weekly SST page

References

Peterson, T.C. and R.S. Vose, 1997: An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Database. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2837-2849.

Citing This Report

NOAA National Climatic Data Center, State of the Climate: Global Analysis for October 2005, published online November 2005, retrieved on May 22, 2013 from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2005/10.