Modern Annual Sea Surface Temperature
NOAA/NODC World Ocean Atlas.
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Climate and hydrographic variability in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
during the last millennium
Geophysical Research Letters
Vol. 33, L19710, 12 October 2006, doi:10.1029/2006GL027234.
Alicia Newton1, Robert Thunell1, and Lowell Stott2
1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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ABSTRACT:
Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and δ18O derived sea surface temperature
and salinity records from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, show a long-
term cooling and freshening trend, as well as considerable centennial-
scale variability during the last millennium. The warmest temperatures
and highest salinities occurred during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP),
while the coolest temperatures and lowest salinities occurred during
the Little Ice Age (LIA). These changes in the western Pacific, along
with observations from other high resolution records indicate a
regionally coherent southern displacement of the Inter-tropical
Convergence Zone during the LIA, with more arid conditions in the
northern tropics and wetter conditions in the southern tropics.
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