The various climate processes at different time scales interact with each
other, resulting in a climate system rich in complexity. The figure below
shows changes in Earth's climate at tectonic
scales (over the past 300 million years,) orbital
scales (over the past 3 million years,) glacial and millennial
scales (over the past 50,000 years,) and centennial
scales (the past 1000 years.) Note that minor changes in climate at
shorter time scales are magnified from larger changes at longer time scales.
Also note that the range of variability is less in the shorter time scales.
Also see
Future Forecasts and
What is Variability.
Image
from Ruddiman, 2001 used by permission
of W. H. Freeman & Co.
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